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Important ancient inscription and edicts of ancient india for upsc

 Study of inscription called epigraphy.  Architecture in Harappan civilisation for UPSC The study of old writing used in inscription and other old record is called palaeography  Harappa inscription decipher written in pictographic script, earliest inscription are found on the seals of harappa belong to around 2500 b. C The oldest inscription decipher so far were issue by Ashoka 3rd century BC ashoka pillar inscription found by firoz shah tuglaq in meerut, he bought it to delhi and asked pandit of his empire to decipher it, but they failed to do so . Last quarter of 18 th century ashokan inscription discovered by first decipher in 1837 by James prinsep, a civil servant in the employees of ElC in bengal Oldest inscription in world found at keeladi , but the dating is dispute In India the junagadh rock inscription of rudradaman 150 a.d is the oldest long text.  Sohgura copper plate  Earliest known copper plate, mentioned maurya record famine relief efforts, pre ashoka brahmi inscription f
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Spectrum chapter 1 revision notes

Spectrum chapter 1 revision notes  Spectrum chapter 1  Archives refers to the collection of historical documents and records They are original and unique documents 4 types of archives available 1. Central govt. archives 2.state govt. archives 3. Record of intermediate and subordinates authority 4. Judicial record East India Company record are related to the financial conditions of company around 1600-1857, details account of their administrative power.  Other East India Company ( Dutch, Portugal, French) are also reliable source of financial conditions of these period Others Record of reform office are very useful and analytical study of the Constitutional development from 1920 to 1937 State government archives  Divide into 3 parts 1. Former British Indian province  2.princely state incorporated independence after 1947 3. Foreign administration other than British Kingdom of Lahore khalsa darbaari 1800-1849 important source material of lahore Peshwa daftar pune most valuable single sour
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Folk painting notes for upsc

  Folk painting notes for upsc Madhubani painting From Madhubani bihar Common theme -religious motifs of the Hindu, including Rama, krishna, Durga, lakshmi, shiva . The figure in the painting are symbolic eg :- fish depicts good luck and fertility. Flowers, trees, animal etc are used to fill any gape in the painting.  No shading, the painting are two Dimensional, use of bold colors, ornate floral patterns and exaggerated facial expressions.  Origin of madhubani painting It is believed to be during the period of ramayan, the king of mitila told people of his kingdom to paint walls and floors of their house on the marriage occasion of sita and rama.   1970 art got recognition when president of India honoured Jagdamba devi Famous painter  Bharti dayal, Ganga devi, Mahasundari devi, sita devi, baua devi  Pattachitra painting Odisha  The base of painting is treated cloth while the colour used comes from natural source burnt coconut shells, hingula, ramaraja, lamp black. No pencil or charcho
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Architecture in Harappan civilisation for UPSC

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  Architecture in Harappan civilisation for UPSC Harappa and Mohenjodaro reval a remarkable of town planning. The town were laid out in a rectangular grid pattern. Roads ran in North - South and East -west, cut each other at right angles.  Three types of building found in the excavation sites  1. Dwelling houses 2. Public building 3. Public bath City was divided into two parts  1. Upraised citadel - western part were used for construction of large dimension eg :-  granaries, administrative building, pillared Hall, courtyard, residents of rulers and aristocrats.  2.Lower part - small one room found for working class people. Some of the house have been found stairs which indicate they might have double storied.. Mostly building have private wells and properly ventilated bathroom.  Public bath   Important featured of the harappan sites, which indicate the importance of ritualistic cleansing in their culture. These bath also have Arrey of galleries and room surrounding it.  The Great Bath
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Mughal era miniature painting for upsc

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  Mughal era miniature painting for upsc Painting of mughal period are influence from Persian antecedent. These era was a change in colour palette , themes and forms.  Focus shifted depicting the God to glorifying the ruler and showing his life, main focus hunting scene, historical events and other Court related painting . These painting were considered unique because use of brilliant colour. They brought the technique of foreshortening to the Indian painter's repertoire.  Under this techniques object were drawn in a way that they look closer and smaller than they really are.  Barbar Barbar first ruler of the Mughal dynasty. He patronised the Persian artist bizhad who made some illustration of mughal family tree.  Humayun Humayun was a great patron of art, while he was at Shah Tahmasap court in persia, he acquired the service of two main painters called Abdus Samad and Mir Sayyid Ali. These artist were responsible for bringing Persian influence in the mughal painting and created ma
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Mural painting in India for upsc

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Mural painting in India for upsc   What is Murals ? Murals The work on the walls or solid structure are referred to as Murals , dated between 10tg century BC and 10th century AD . The painting follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist, jain Mural painting were also made to adrone any mundane premise. Eg : ancient theatre room in jogimara cave  Ajanta cave paintings Situated at  Maharashtra State, Aurangabad District , Soyagon Taluka, Lenapur Village Oldest surviving murals  Discovered  by chance in 1819 by British soldiers on a hunt, the  Ajanta Caves  have become an icon of ancient Indian art, and have influenced subsequent artists and styles. 2nd century BC to 5 century AD Made by out of volcanic rocks Set of 29 caves in a horse shape 9 and 10 number cave belong to sunga period Rest belong to gupta period Cave number 1 and 2 are most recent The wall of cave have both murals and fersco painting They use temperatures style Painting portray human value  The unique features o
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Tamil sangam literature for upsc

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 Tamil sangam literature for upsc Tamil language is supposedly close to Sanskrit, specially in terms of the grammar and borrowing of words. the most famous literature in tamil and classical work or sangam literature. Sangam means fraternity. This literature is a collection of works that contains approx .2381 poem , 473 poets . The poets included men and women from different classes of society.  Period 300 BC and 300 AD, during most of these were composed and compiled is often called Sangam Period .    Patinenmelkanakku Works composed between 200 BCE to 100 BCE Oldest surviving Tamil poetry Patinenkilkanakku Works composed between 100 CE and 500 CE Collection of 18 poetry compositions Mostly composed before the age of the Pallavas Chief works include Thirukkural, Palamoli, Naladiyar, etc. 2 major school of  Sangam literature Aham/Agam- inner field and concentrate on the abstract discussion of human aspects like love , sexual relation etc Puram - outer field which discuss the human exper
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