Important ancient inscription and edicts of ancient india for upsc

 Study of inscription called epigraphy. Architecture in Harappan civilisation for UPSC

The study of old writing used in inscription and other old record is called palaeography 

Harappa inscription decipher written in pictographic script, earliest inscription are found on the seals of harappa belong to around 2500 b. C

The oldest inscription decipher so far were issue by Ashoka 3rd century BC ashoka pillar inscription found by firoz shah tuglaq in meerut, he bought it to delhi and asked pandit of his empire to decipher it, but they failed to do so . Last quarter of 18 th century ashokan inscription discovered by first decipher in 1837 by James prinsep, a civil servant in the employees of ElC in bengal

Oldest inscription in world found at keeladi , but the dating is dispute

In India the junagadh rock inscription of rudradaman 150 a.d is the oldest long text. 


Sohgura copper plate 

Earliest known copper plate, mentioned maurya record famine relief efforts, pre ashoka brahmi inscription found gorakhpur up

Ashoka edict 

Collection of 33 inscription, it represent the first tangible evidence of Buddhism. Describe in details of Ashoka view regarding dhama to slove the severe problem faced by the complex society

Divided into pillar edict, major rock edict 14 edict termed 1st and 14th and two separate ones found in odissa

Major rock inscription minor rock edict, the queen edict,  barabar cave inscription and kandhar bilingual inscription

Devnampiyadasi refer to Ashoka confirmed by maski inscription. 


Rummindai pillar edict lumbani written in brahmi script, minor pillar inscription. This inscription mention Ashoka visit to lumbani (rummindei, rupendehi , nepal the birth place of Lord buddha 


Prayag prashasti allahabad pillar. The allahabad prasasti was originally engraved on the Ashoka pillar in kausambi near allahabad, it is an Ashoka stambh has four different inscription 

Brahmi script in all pillar 

The queen edict charitable deeds of Ashoka wife kaurwaki 

Samudragupta inscription 335  -375 a.d written by harisena in sanskrit language and brahmi script. Mention about the conquest of samudragupta and boundaries of gupta empire

Jahangir inscription in Persian


Mehrauli inscription iron pillar in Delhi in the qutub minar complex. It is notable rust resistant composition of metal used in its construction. Established by chandragupta || of the gupta dynasty in the honor of Lord vishnu. This pillar credits chandragupta with conquest of the vanga countries 

Kalsi inscription only North Indian site of Ashoka 14 rock edict, these edict is brahmi and script is brahmi. Written around 450 bc and made of quartz 8 ft broad and 10 ft long. Ashoka human approach in his internal administration when he converted himself to Buddhism


Maski inscription raichur district of Karnataka, minor rock edict found name devnampiyadasi 


Kalinga edict witness of kalinga war 

Kanganhalli inscription gulbarga Karnataka contains a mahastupa of 75 ft diameter. To confirm that is Ashoka the sculptural slab also contain single line label rayo Ashoka in brahmi script of the satvahana period


Aihole inscription Karnataka first capital of chalukyas found at meguti temple written in kannad script. Mention about the defeat of Harasvardhana by Pulakesi 2 and the victory of chalukyas over pallavas, also mention shifting of the capital ahole to badami written by ravikirti the court poet of pulkesin 2 who reigned from 610 to 642 ad

Hathigumpha inscription also known elephant cave udayagiri khandgiri cave in odisha, king kharvela during 2nd century BC, it consists of 17 lines in prakrit language and brahmi script main sources of information about kalinga rular kharvela devotee of janisim


Sahbazgarhi and mansehra rock edicts Pakistan 14 edict of king Ashoka, written in kharosthi script. 

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