Mural painting in India for upsc

Mural painting in India for upsc 

What is Murals ?

Murals

The work on the walls or solid structure are referred to as Murals , dated between 10tg century BC and 10th century AD . The painting follow a theme, the most common being Hindu, Buddhist, jain

Mural painting were also made to adrone any mundane premise. Eg : ancient theatre room in jogimara cave 


Ajanta cave paintings

Situated at Maharashtra State, Aurangabad District , Soyagon Taluka, Lenapur Village

Oldest surviving murals Discovered by chance in 1819 by British soldiers on a hunt, the Ajanta Caves have become an icon of ancient Indian art, and have influenced subsequent artists and styles.

2nd century BC to 5 century AD

Made by out of volcanic rocks

Set of 29 caves in a horse shape

9 and 10 number cave belong to sunga period

Rest belong to gupta period

Cave number 1 and 2 are most recent

The wall of cave have both murals and fersco painting

They use temperatures style

Painting portray human value 

The unique features of painting is that each female figure has a unique hair style

Common theme of these painting range from jataka stories to life of Buddha to elaborate decorative patterns of flora and fauna

Outlines of the figures is in red ochre with contours of brown, black or deep red

Painting of various Bodhisattva in tribhanga pose in cave number 1 where vajrapani protector and guide, symbol of Buddha power

Manjusri Buddha wisdom, padmapani symbol of Buddha compassion

The dying princess cave no16


Ellora 

Discover by 

With forty years of painstaking research in situ, Walter M Spink further argues that while it was thought that the later caves were made over a long period, from the 4th to the 7th centuries CE, his work over the years has revealed that most of the work took place over the very brief period from 460 to 480 CE

Situated at

These 34 monasteries and temples, extending over more than 2 km, were dug side by side in the wall of a high basalt cliff, not far from Aurangabad, in Maharashtra. Ellora, with its uninterrupted sequence of monuments dating from A.D. 600 to 1000, brings the civilization of ancient India to life.

Found in 5 caves

Cave no 16 kailash temple

Murals are done in two phases 

(The earlier painting dedicated for Vishnu with his consort Lakshmi borne through the clouds by garuda, the celestial bird) 

Later painting made in Gujarati style depicts siva

Related to all 3 religion

Newer as comparing to ajanta cave


Bagh cave

Madhya pradesh

Established by

The legend says that these caves were established by Buddhist monk Dataka

Close to actual ajanta terms of there design execution and decorations

Main difference more tightly modeled, stronger outlines

Cave number 4 known rang mahal dedicated it's wall jataka tales

Painting religious theme in the light of contemporary lifestyle of people, more secular in nature

Armamalai cave paintings

Tamilnadu

Natural caves where converted into jain temple in 8th century

Unbacked and mud 

The beautiful colourful painting on the walls and roof depict the tales of Astahik Palakas deities protecting by eight corner and Jainism


Sittanavasal cave (Arivar koli) painting

Tamilnadu

Painting based on janism, close resemblance to bagh and ajanta

The painting are not only wall but also on the celling and pillars

Painting theme of jain samavasarana

Cave belong to pallava period king Mahendraverman 1

Common colours 

Yellow, green orange blue black and white

Painting of sittanavasal is a pond with lotuses


Ravan chhaya rock shelter

Keonjhar odisha

Ancient fresco painting

Shaped of half opened umbrella

Most noticeable painting is the Royal procession

7th centuries

Remain of chola painting belongings to 11th centuries


Lepakshi temple painting

Andhra Pradesh

Executed on veerabhdra temple walls at lepakshi

In 16th centuries vijay nagar ruuuuuyytjyperiod

Religious theme ramayana, mahabharat and incarnation of vishnu

Absence of primary colours especially blue

The forms figure and details outline with black


Jogimara cave paintings

Surguja chhattisgarh

1000-300 BC

Love story in bramhi scripts

Painting are decorated the room

Related dancing  couples , animal elephant and fish

Red outline

White, yellow and black


Badami cave temple

Karnataka

One of the earliest surviving hindu painting

Cave number 3 ancient mural showing four armed Brahma on his swan. 


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